Nel tardo inverno del 1916, lungo il sentiero che stai percorrendo venne effettuato il trasporto del pi\u00f9 grosso pezzo d’artiglieria portato in quota sul fronte dell’Adamello.
\nIl mastodontico cannone 149G, del peso complessivo di 60 quintali, subito battezzato “Ippopotamo” per la sua mole, part\u00ec da Tem\u00f9 la mattina del 9 febbraio 1916, trainato da cavalli su larghe, altissime ruote munite di cingoli. A sera raggiunse Malga Caldea dove venne smontato nelle diverse parti, tra le quali la pi\u00f9 pesante era la canna con i suoi 33 quintali di peso.
\nCollocati su appositi slittoni, i vari elementi vennero trainati da circa 300 uomini tra soldati e operai militarizzati. Servirono una ventina di giorni circa per superare il ripido costone della Sigosta che separa Malga Caldea dai Laghi d’Avio. Il compito fu pi\u00f9 facile lungo la vasta spianata dei Laghi d’Avio e fino a Malga Lavedole, dove per\u00f2 nel mese di marzo il carico fu pi\u00f9 volte travolto dalle valanghe e le abbondanti nevicate costrinsero a ripetute interruzioni del trasporto.
\nFu la vista dei feriti e dei morti riportati a valle dopo le sanguinose battaglie del 12 aprile, che spron\u00f2 ad aumentare le energie: tutti furono consapevoli dell\u2019importanza del loro contributo, e cos\u00ec il 17 aprile il cannone raggiunse il Rifugio Garibaldi, superando in soli sei giorni un dislivello di cinquecento metri. \u00c8 difficile immaginare oggi quali sforzi furono richiesti per rendere possibile la salita dei pezzi lungo la salita del Calvario. La notevole inclinazione del terreno richiese un lavoro massacrante.
\nNei successivi sette giorni, il traino riusc\u00ec a guadagnare gli ultimi 600 metri e il cannone venne collocato a quota 3136 al Passo Venerocolo, appena in tempo per appoggiare con il suo fuoco il nuovo grande attacco per la conquista della cresta Crozzon di Fargorida-Crozzon di Lares-Passo di Cavento, del 29 e 30 aprile 1916. In 74 giorni era stato superato un dislivello complessivo di millecinquecento metri!
\nDopo essere rimasto oltre un anno sul Venerocolo, fra il 7 e il 10 giugno 1917, duecento alpini e artiglieri lo trascinarono fin sotto Cresta Croce, attraverso il Passo della Tredicesima. La collocazione definitiva nell’attuale posizione sulla selletta di Cresta Croce (3313 metri) avvenne tra il 14 e il 17 dicembre 1917.<\/p>\n","modified":"2021-07-06T09:01:57","color":"","icon":"","noDetails":false,"noInteraction":false,"zindex":"","imageGallery":[{"src":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PDA0104_2-1024x576.jpg","id":2086,"caption":""},{"src":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PDA0104_3-1024x576.jpg","id":2089,"caption":""}],"image":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PDA0104-1024x576.jpg","audio":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PDA_IT01_0104.mp3","taxonomy":{"webmapp_category":[11]},"accessibility":{"mobility":{"check":false,"description":"","level":"accessible_independently"},"hearing":{"check":false,"description":"","level":"accessible_independently"},"vision":{"check":false,"description":"","level":"accessible_independently"},"cognitive":{"check":false,"description":"","level":"accessible_independently"},"food":{"check":false,"description":""}},"reachability":{"by_bike":{"check":false,"description":""},"on_foot":{"check":false,"description":""},"by_car":{"check":false,"description":""},"by_public_transportation":{"check":false,"description":""}},"locale":"it","source":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/poi\/2492","wp_edit":"http:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=2492&action=edit","translations":{"en":{"id":3267,"name":"PDA0104 Calvario","web":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/\/pda0104-calvario\/?lang=en","source":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/poi\/3267","description":"
At the end of the winter of 1916 the largest field gun taken to high altitudes on the Adamello front was transported along the footpath you are on now.
\nThis colossal 149 G field gun weighing 6 tons, immediately christened the \u2018hippopotamus\u2019, set off from Tem\u00f9 on the morning of February 1916, dragged by horses on large, ultra high wheels equipped with a caterpillar track. It reached Malga Caldea in the evening, where it was totally dismantled with the largest part being its bore, weighing 3.3 tons.
\nSet onto specially built sledges, the various elements were then dragged by approximately 300 men, both soldiers and civilian labourers. It took around twenty days to get over the steep Sigosta ridge which separates Malga Caldea from the Avio lakes. Today the effort involved in getting these parts up the Calvario climb is unimaginable. With its steep gradients, it was an exhausting task. It was easier going on the vast Laghi d\u2019Avio plateau as far as Malga Lavedole, where it was buried by several avalanches in March, however, and plentiful snowfalls meant that work had repeatedly to be broken off.
\nIt was seeing the wounded and dead being brought down to the valley after the bloody battle of 12 April that prompted work to begin again with renewed energy. Everyone was aware of the importance of the task entrusted them and thus, on 17 April, the canon reached Rifugio Garibaldi, taking only six days to achieve a climb of five hundred metres.
\nOver the subsequent seven days it was dragged up the final six hundred metres and positioned at 3236 metres, at Passo Venerocolo, just in time for it to support the new great attack on the Crozzon di Fargorida-Crozzon di Lares-Passo di Cavento ridge with its fire power on 29 and 30 April 1916. A total altitude gain of one thousand five hundred metres in just 74 days!
\nAfter remaining over a year at Venerocolo, from 7 to 10 June 1917, two hundred Alpini soldiers and gunners dragged it to below Cresta Croce across Passo della Tredicesima. It got to its present, definite position on the Cresta Croce saddle (3313 m) between 14 and 17 December 1917.
\nOn 15-17 August 1919 the glorious Hippopotamus was officially handed over to the CAI mountaineering club.
\nA bronze plaque bearing the following words was attached to it:<\/p>\n
Launching the definitive victory \/ over the fleeing enemy \/ it blocked the Trento road \/ from foreign incursion \/ here on the peak \/ where they dragged it \/ the strength faith passion \/ of Italian soldiers \/ survives \/ in triumphant nationhood \/ a vast horizon \/ against which \/ Latin civilising genius \/ still shines.<\/p>\n","audio":"https:\/\/a.webmapp.it\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/media\/audios\/2492_en.mp3"},"de":{"id":2754,"name":"PDA0104 Calvario","web":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/\/pda0104-calvario\/?lang=de","source":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/poi\/2754","description":"
Im Sp\u00e4twinter 1916 wurde entlang dieses Weges das gr\u00f6\u00dfte Artilleriegesch\u00fctz transportiert, das an die Adamello-Front in gro\u00dfe H\u00f6hen je gebracht wurde.
\nDie riesige 149G-Kanone mit einem Gesamtgewicht von 60 Zentnern, die in der Soldatensprache aufgrund ihrer gigantischen Gr\u00f6\u00dfe scherzhaft \u201eIppopotamo\u201c (dt. \u201eNilpferd\u201c) benannt wurde, verlie\u00df die Ortschaft Tem\u00f9 in den ersten Stunden des 9. Februar 1916, gezogen von Pferden auf gro\u00dfen R\u00e4dern, die mit Ketten ausgestattet waren. Am Abend erreichte das Gesch\u00fctz Malga Caldea, wo es auseinandergenommen wurde. Das gr\u00f6\u00dfte Teil war das Rohr mit seinen 33 Zentnern Gewicht.
\nAuf speziellen Schlitten platziert, wurden die verschiedenen Teile von etwa 300 M\u00e4nnern, darunter Soldaten und Milit\u00e4rarbeiter, gezogen. Es dauerte etwa zwanzig Tage, um den steilen Grat der Sigosta zu \u00fcberwinden, der die Malga Caldea von den Avio-Seen trennt. Man kann sich heute nur schwer vorstellen, welche harte Arbeit die M\u00e4nner leisten mussten, um den schweren Gesch\u00fctzteilen die Besteigung des Kalvarienbergs zu erm\u00f6glichen. Die betr\u00e4chtliche Steigung des Gel\u00e4ndes erforderte enorme Anstrengungen. Leichter war die Aufgabe entlang der weiten Ebene der Avio-Seen und bis zur Malga Lavedole, wo jedoch im M\u00e4rz der Zug immer wieder von Lawinen getroffen wurde und der starke Schneefall den Transport mehrere Male unterbrach.
\nEs war der Anblick der Verwundeten und Toten, die nach den blutigen K\u00e4mpfen des 12. April ins Tal zur\u00fcckgebracht wurden, der die M\u00e4nner zu gr\u00f6\u00dferen Anstrengungen anspornte: Jeder war sich der Bedeutung seines Beitrags bewusst, und so erreichte die Kanone am 17. April die Garibaldi-H\u00fctte und \u00fcberwand in nur sechs Tagen einen H\u00f6henunterschied von f\u00fcnfhundert Metern.
\nIn den folgenden sieben Tagen gelang es dem Zug, die letzten 600 Meter zu \u00fcberwinden, und die Kanone wurde auf einer H\u00f6he von 3236 Metern am Venerocolo-Pass aufgestellt, gerade rechtzeitig, um mit ihrem Feuer den neuen gro\u00dfen Angriff zur Eroberung des Cresta Crozzon di Fargorida-Crozzon di Lares-Passo di Cavento am 29. und 30. April 1916 zu unterst\u00fctzen. In nur 74 Tagen war ein Gesamth\u00f6henunterschied von eintausendf\u00fcnfhundert Metern \u00fcberwunden worden!
\nNachdem das Gesch\u00fctz \u00fcber ein Jahr lang auf dem Venerocolo geblieben war, schleppten es zwischen dem 7. und 10. Juni 1917 zweihundert Alpini und Artilleristen \u00fcber den Passo della Tredicesima bis unterhalb des Cresta Croce. Die endg\u00fcltige Aufstellung in seinem heutigen Stand auf dem Sattel des Cresta Croce (3313 Meter) erfolgte zwischen dem 14. und dem 17. Dezember 1917
\nZwischen dem 15. und dem 17. August 1919 wurde das glorreiche \u201eNilpferd\u201c offiziell an den italienischen Alpenverein, den CAI, \u00fcbergeben.
\nAuf die Lafette wurde eine Bronzetafel angebracht, auf der diese Worte eingraviert sind:<\/p>\n
\u00abDen letzten Donnerkeil \/ auf den fliehenden Feind abgefeuert \/ versperrte er den Weg nach Trient \/ dem fremden Besatzer \/ hier auf dem Gipfel \/ wo es der Soldaten Italiens \/ Kraft Treue Leidenschaft \/ hinaufschleppten \/ bleibt es weisend \/ der vollendeten Heimat \/ den weiten Horizont \/ an dem \/ das Licht des r\u00f6mischen Genius \/ noch leuchten kann\u00bb.<\/p>\n","audio":"https:\/\/a.webmapp.it\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/media\/audios\/2492_de.mp3"}},"web":"https:\/\/stelvio.wp.webmapp.it\/poi\/pda0104-calvario\/","addr:street":"","addr:housenumber":"","addr:postcode":"","addr:city":"","contact:phone":"","contact:email":"","opening_hours":"","capacity":"","ele":2322},"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[10.485956,46.17778]}}